Notes:

NOTE 1./

As the fourth child, inherited lands were not available to him, giving rise to his nickname, Lackland. His first marriage lasted but ten years and was fruitless, but his second wife, Isabella of Angouleme, bore him two sons and three daughters. He also had an illegitimate daughter, Joan, who married Llywelyn the Great, Ruler of All Wales, from which the Tudor line of monarchs was descended. The survival of the English government during John's reign is a testament to the reforms of his father, as John taxed the system socially, economically, and judicially.

The Angevin family feuds profoundly marked John. He and Richard clashed in 1184 following Richard's refusal to honor his father's wishes surrender Aquitane to John. The following year Henry II sent John to rule Ireland, but John alienated both the native Irish and the transplanted Anglo-Normans who emigrated to carve out new lordships for themselves; the experiment was a total failure and John returned home within six months. After Richard gained the throne in 1189, he gave John vast estates in an unsuccessful attempt to appease his younger brother. John failed to overthrow Richard's administrators during the German captivity and conspired with Philip II in another failed coup attempt. Upon Richard's release from captivity in 1194, John was forced to sue for pardon and he spent the next five years in his brother's shadow.

John proved extremely unpopular with his subjects. In addition to the Irish debacle, he inflamed his French vassals by orchestrating the murder of his popular nephew, Arthur of Brittany. By spring 1205, he lost the last of his French possessions and returned to England. The final ten years of his reign were occupied with failed attempts to regain these territories. After levying a number of new taxes upon the barons to pay for his dismal campaigns, the discontented barons revolted, capturing London in May 1215. At Runnymeade in the following June, John succumbed to pressure from the barons, the Church, and the English people at-large, and signed the Magna Carta. The document, a declaration of feudal rights, stressed three points. First, the Church was free to make ecclesiastic appointments. Second, larger-than-normal amounts of money could only be collected with the consent of the king's feudal tenants. Third, no freeman was to be punished except within the context of common law. Magna Carta, although a testament to John's complete failure as monarch, was the forerunner of modern constitutions. John only signed the document as a means of buying time and his hesitance to implement its principles compelled the nobility to seek French assistance. The barons offered the throne to Philip II's son, Louis. John died in the midst of invasion from the French in the South and rebellion from his barons in the North.

King married Isabella D'ANGOULEME on 24 Aug 1200 in Bordeaux Cathedral. Isabella (daughter of Count of Angouleme Aymer Taillefer DE VALENCE and Countess Alix DE COURTENAY) was born about 1188 in Angouleme, Charente, France; died on 31 May 1235 in Fontevrault L'Ab,Maine-Et-Loire,France; was buried in Fountervrault Ab, An Jou, Isere, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. King Henry III Of ENGLAND was born on 01 Oct 1206 in Winchester,Hampshire,England; died on 16 Nov 1272 in Westminister,Middlesex,England; was buried on 20 Nov 1272 in Westminster Abby, Westminster, Middlesex, England.
2. Richard Of ENGLAND was born on 05 Jan 1209 in Winchester,Hampshire,England; died on 02 Apr 1272 in Berkhamsteadcast, Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire, England; was buried on 13 Apr 1272 in Hailes Abbey, Hailes, Gloucestershire, England.
3. Princess Joan Of ENGLAND was born on 22 Jul 1210 in Coucy , Alsne, France; died on 04 Mar 1237 in London, Middlesex, England; was buried in Tarrant Keynstan, Dorsetshire, England.
4. Isabel Of GERMANY was born in 1214 in Winchester,Hampshire,England; died on 01 Dec 1241 in Foggia, Apulia, Italy; was buried in Andria, Bari, Apulia, Italy.
5. Princess Eleanor Of ENGLAND was born in 1215 in Winchester, Hampshire, England; died on 13 Apr 1275 in Montargis, Loiret, France; was buried in Montargis, Loiret, France.

King married ISABELLA on 29 Aug 1189 in Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. NONE

King married Princess Eleanor DE AQUITAINE on 11 May 1153 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. Princess (daughter of Duke William VIII Of POITOU and Eleanor DE CHATELLERAULT) was born in 1121 in Bordeaux, France; died on 03 Mar 1204 in Fontevrault abbey, Maine-Et-Loire, France; was buried in Fontevrault abbey, Maine-Et-Loire, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Geoffrey married Matilda (Maud) DE ENGLAND EMPRESS. Matilda was born before 1102 in London, Middlesex, England; died on 10 Sep 1169 in Notre Dame,Rouen,Seine-Maritime,France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Duke married Eleanor DE CHATELLERAULT in 1121 in France. Eleanor was born about 1103 in Aquataine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Foulques married Ermengarde DU MAINE. Ermengarde was born in 1086 in Maine, France; died in 1126 in Maine, France. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Guillaume married Philippa (Matilde or Maud) DE TOULOUSE COUNTESS in 1094 in France. Philippa was born about 1073 in France; died on 28 Nov 1117. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]