Notes:

NOTE 1./ Duplin Deeds, Book 3A, p. 493, 1 Aug 1808 John HOUSTON to Lewis Ashton THOMAS, for $800 lawful money, 400A on the ES of the Northeast of Cape Fear River, beg. the sd. HOUSTON's share of his father's lands & laid off as such 5 Oct 1807. Wit- Sam HOUSTON, Joseph T. RHODES. Oct. Ct. 1808. (Millie Note: Wit Sam Houston is brother to John Houston)

NOTE 2./ Petition to Establish Town of Hallsborough, Duplin County, NC - Court Records, To The Honorable, The General Assembly of the State of North Carolina,

The Petition of Sundry Inhabitants of the County of Duplin. Respectfully Sheweth that the Lands on the Lower Side of Limestone Rock near the Mouth of the East Side of the North East of Capefear River is a healthy Situation and well calculated for the Establishment of Several Stores which might lend Greatly to the Corsetiere and advantage of Great part of said County.
Your Petitioners therefore pray that your Honorable Body will take the Subject into Consideration and pass a law to Establish a Town on the lands of William HALL, Senr.and sons Situated as above Stated by the Name of Hallsborough, and your Petitioner as in duty bound will Ever Pray. November 1818.
John BISHOP
Thomas KENADY
A. Newkirk
Lewis JONES
Wm. PEACOCK
Edward HOUSTON
John HOUSTON
et all ......

NOTE 3./ Minutes of the committee appointed "to divide the estate of Samuel Houston

dec'd so as to ascertain each claimant's share of said Estate". "Total amount of this Negroe property, Do[llars] 6,840" Do Cts
Valued toMrs Houston Sundry Articles at 185 - 50
Miss Ann Houston ditto 82 - 0
Samuel Houston ditto 83 - 0
John Houston ditto 73 - 50
William Hall ditto 151 - 50
Felix Rhodes ditto 156 - 50
The above are the six claimants or heirs to the estate of Samuel Houston. They are by implication: his wife Elizabeth, his daughter Ann, his sons Samuel and John, and the husbands of his married daughters. William Hall is the husband of Mary Houston and John Felix Rhodes is the husband of Dorothy Houston.
Duplin Co, NC, Miscellaneous Records, NC Archives, Raleigh, NC: An Order for a Mill on Cypress Creek. Joseph Grimes. Report filed April Term 1787.

John married Catherine FREDERICK about 1799 in Duplin County, North Carolina. Catherine was born about 1780. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

1. Female HOUSTON was born about 1799 in Duplin County, North Carolina.
2. William F. HOUSTON was born in 1810 in Duplin County, North Carolina; died on 01 Jun 1826 in Duplin County, North Carolina.
3. Samuel J HOUSTON was born on 26 Jan 1803 in Duplin County, North Carolina; died on 24 Feb 1855 in Duplin County, North Carolina.

Notes:

Note 1./
Samuel Houston; 1790 United States Census: Duplin County : 2,1,4,0,18. Note these counts vs 1784-1786 North Carolina census counts @ 1,2,8,2,1. In the four to six years between these census, one of Samuels sons aged to have 2 FWM over age 16, consequently had only 1 FWM less than age 16. 4 FWF were lost , 2 other free persons were lost, and 17 Slaves were added. Source: Taken from actual census images.

NOTES from Sharon Houston

1./ Estate Records, Duplin Co., sale of estate of Samuel HOUSTON, ESQ., deceased 28 Aug 1801; Purchasers- Nathanual W. ANNE, William HALL, Jr., Samuel ALBERSON, John HOUSTON, Samuel HOUSTON, Jr., James FREDERICK, Hugh W. ANN, Kenan LOVE, Jacob PARKER, John BRICE...

2./ Duplin Deeds, Book 3A, p. 493, 1 Aug 1808 John HOUSTON to Lewis Ashton THOMAS, for $800 lawful money, 400A on the ES of the Northeast of Cape Fear River, beg. the sd. HOUSTON's share of his father's lands & laid off as such 5 Oct 1807. Wit- Sam HOUSTON, Joseph T. RHODES. Oct. Ct. 1808.

3./ in Apr 1786, Samuel was living in Duplin Co. as head of household with 3 males under 21 or over 60, 1 male between 21 and 60, seven females, and 10 slaves.

4,/ in 1790, Samuel was living in Duplin Co. as head of household with 2 males 16 years and older, 1 male under 16, 4 females, and 18 slaves.

5./ in 1800, Samuel was living in Duplin Co. as head of household with 1 male 16-26, 1 male 45 and over, 1 female 26-45, 1 female 45 and over, and 16 slaves.

6./ Samuel does not appear in the 1810 US Census

Sources:
1./ Text: DUPREE, Garland Monna Crowe, PEOPLE OF PURPOSE, VOLUME TWO, Walker Printing, 1990.
2./ Text: Draughon, Eleanor S. ABSTRACTS OF DEEDS 1784-1813, Vol. 1. Rose Hill, NC: Duplin County Historical Society, 1983.
3./ Text: REGISTER, Alvaretta Kenan. STATE CENSUS OF NORTH CAROLINA 1784-1787. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1978.
4./ Text: 1790 CENSUS INDEX AND CENSUS OF NORTH CAROLINA.
5./ Text: ABSTRACT OF HOUSTON'S IN 1800 U.S. CENSUS OF DUPLIN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA.
6./ Text: ABSTRACT OF HOUSTON'S IN 1810 U.S. CENSUS OF DUPLIN CO. NC

Note 2./
Samuel HOUSTON , Sr., Esq. [Duplin] was born before 1750 in New Hanover Co.?, NC?. He died before 1807 in Duplin Co., NC. SAMUEL HOUSTON OF DUPLIN COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA Records of a Samuel Houston appear in Duplin County as early as OCT 1766. This Samuel Houston was apparently a son of William Houston, Sr. See Note for Dr. William Houston, Esq. On 18 APR 1771, Samuel Houston was granted a patent for 100 acres in Duplin County located on the East side of the Northeast Branch of the Cape Fear River and "below Soractey land". The grant joined land already owned by Samuel Houston and bordered the river. [Patent Book 20, page 661). This deed proves Samuel Houston was born 1750 or earlier. On the same date William Houston was issued a patent for 100 acres adjacent to Samuel Houston. [Patent Book 20, Page 683). This is presumed to be Dr. William Houston, later Esquire. Soracte, or later Soracta, was a town founded by the Houstons, with Samuel Houston one of the commissioners of the town. ROSTER OF NORTH CAROLINA SOLDIERS IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION includes, on page 219, #2333, Samuel Houston, of Wilmington District. The only Samuel Houston who was residing in the counties that comprised Wilmington District was Samuel Houston of Duplin County. #1334, Edward Houston, of Wilmington District, also of Duplin Co., was also listed as as RW soldier. The following data regarding Samuel Houston was found in DUPLIN COUNTY [NORTH CARLOLINA] COURT OF PLEAS AND QUARTER SESSIONS, ABSTRACTS OF MINUTES, PART 1, 1784-1787, (c) 1978, and PART 2, 1788-1791, (c) 1979. Compiled by Leora H. McEachern; publishe by Duplin County Historical Society. Thursday, 19 OCT 1784: "Court met at 9 o'clock according to adjournment. Present: Worshipful William Houston, Sr., Col. Thomas Routledge, Joseph Dickson, Col. James Kenan and Sam'l Houston, Esquires." The list of Justices was given for each day the quarterly court met, usually five days or less. Samuel Houston was named at about half of the court sessions. On 19 JUL 1785, Elizabeth Thomson, widow of William Thomson, was appointed executrix of his estate, with William Hubbard and Samuel Houston as bondsmen. Samuel Houston was the person who made the list of tithables in his district for most years beginning either in 1784 [year the census was ordered by the General Assembly] or in 1785. The Militia Captain for his district in 1786 and some succeeding years was [William ] Hubbard. In 1787 the Court Minute specified that the list of taxables was to be taken by "Samuel Houston, Esquire". A 22 OCT 1788 deed from John Brommel to Samuel Houston was proved by Griffith Houston. 24 OCT 1788: Samuel Houston, William Hubbard, and others to be Jurymen at next session of the Superior Court in Wilmington, 6 DEC [1788]. 22 APR 1789: reference to Samuel Houston, Surveyor. It is uncertain whether this was Samuel Houston, Sr. This could possibly have been a second Samuel Houston. Samuel Houston, Jr., was mentioned in a record dated 1782, but was not mentioned again until 1797.. 20 JAN 1790: William Houston deeded six slaves to Samuel Houston (two deeds). 20 OCT 1790: Samuel Houston deeded 300 acres land to Nathan Waller. 20 APR 1797: Samuel Houston, Jr., appointed overseer of the River from Roger's Landing to Limestone Bridge and to have Samuel Houston's six slaves, named, and others. This Samuel Houston, Jr., was apparently a legal adult, or born 1776 or earlier. The Samuel who was owner of the slaves was apparently Samuel Houston, Sr., Esquire. 18 OCT 1797: Samuel Houston, Jr., George E. Houston and Fredereick Smith, Jr. were ordered by the Duplin County Court to be Searchers for Capt. Jacob William's District. This record would appear to apply to a young Samuel Houston. [George Eustace Houston has been reported by at least one researcher to have been a son of Henry Houston, son of Dr. William Houston, Sr. This record indicates a birth year of 1776 or earlier. Mrs. DuPree reported a birth year of 1772 for George E. Houston..] As of 1797 the records of Duplin County, NC, did not clearly indicate the presence of more than two Samuel Houstons. The records of Duplin County do not seem to collaborate the report by descendants that Samuel Houston of Duplin County had migrated there from Rowan County, NC. The children of Samuel Houston of Rowan County and Duplin County, as purported in a DAR application, appear to have been the children of Samuel Houston, Sr., Esquire, who had resided in Duplin County since before 1766 and probably since his birth in the 1740s. [In the 1740s this territory was in New Hanover County.] Samuel Houston, Esquire, was enumerated on the 1790 census of Duplin County, with two white males of age 16 or over, one WM age less than 16, four while females, and 16 slaves. The only other Houston house- holds that were enumerated in Duplin County in 1790 were Dr. William Houston, with the Edward Houston household nearby or adjacent, and the William Ann Houston household. If there were more than one Samuel Houston in the county, they were not heads of households. The households of Peter Houston and James Houston were found in 1790 in Sampson County, formed 18 MAR 1784 partly from Duplin County. The 1790 census of Duplin County suggests that Samuel Houston, Esquire, had at least two sons and three daughters still residing at home. This matches the configuration of the family of Samuel Houston who was purported by Mrs. Marth Louise Kistler Whiteman in her 1952 DAR membership application to have been from Rowan County and Duplin County. [DAR National Number 419990. The DAR used information from DAR #117860 to verify the data submitted by Mrs. Whiteman. A copy of DAR #117860, with all supporting documents, should probably be obtained.]] On the 1800 census of Duplin County there was a Samuel Houston, age over 45, or born 1755 or earlier. This was obviously Samuel Houston, Sr., Esquire. In his home were a wife, also age 45 or over, another female age 26-44, and another male age 16-25. The latter was probably Samuel Houston, Jr., who first appeared on the census of Duplin County in 1810, adjacent to Eliza Houston, age 45 or over, and near Elizabeth Houston, age less then 44 years. Eliza Houston was probably the widow of Samuel Houston, Sr. Elizabeth Houston could possibly be a either a spinster daughter or a widowed daughter-in-law of Samuel Houston, Sr., of Duplin County.
http://home.hiwaay.net/~rts2/ancestry/d580.html#P1870

Ancestors of Susan Melinda Martin

72. Samuel Houston, Sr., born Bet. 1726 - 1750 in New Hanover County, NC (Possibly Rowan County); died Bet. 1800 - 1807 in Duplin Co., NC. He was the son of 144. Dr. William Houston and 145. Anna Jones. He married 73. Eliza.

73. Eliza, born Bet. 1720 - 1760; died Aft. 1810 in Duplin Co., NC?.

Notes for Samuel Houston, Sr.:
Ms. Garland C. DuPree, P.O. Box 526, Edinburg Drive, Fitzgerald, GA, 31750, has published a book entitiled PEOPLE OF PURPOSE, VOLUME II, DR. WILLIAM HOUSTON OF COUNTY ANTRIM, IRELAND AND DUPLIN COUNTY NORTH CAROLINA....., which includes some information about Henry Houston (b. aft 1790, Duplin Co., NC) of Dooly County, GA, and his descendants in southwest Georgia. Descendants of the several Samuel Houstons of Duplin County, NC, are not discussed, however. DuPree surmised that the elder Samuel Houston of Early County, GA, in 1840 may have been "the youngest brother of our older Henry Houston." That is, DuPree believed that the elder Samuel Houston of Early County, GA, in 1840, may have been a son of Dr. William Houston, born about 1715 in Ireland.

Note 3./
----Per Robert Strong, 119 Mystic Way, Madison, AL 35758-7113. 1997

Records of a Samuel Houston appear in Duplin County as early as OCT 1766.

On 18 APR 1771, Samuel Houston was granted a patent for 100 acres in Duplin County located on the East side of the Northeast Branch of the Cape Fear River and "below Soractey Land". The grant joined land already owned by Samuel Houston and bordered the river. [Patent Book 20, page 661] This deed proves Samuel Houston was born 1750 or earlier. On the same date, William Houston was issued a patent for 100 acre adjacent to Samuel Houston. [Patent Book 20, page 683] This is presumed to be Dr. William Houston, later Esquire. Soracte, or later Soracta, was a town founded by the Houstons, with Samuel Houston one of the commissioners of the town.

ROSTER OF NORTH CAROLINA SOLDIERS IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION includes, on page 219, #2333, Samuel Houston, of Wilmington District. The only Samuel Houston who was residing in the counties that comprised Wilmington District was Samuel Houston of Duplin County. #1334, Edward Houston, of Wilmington District, also of Duplin County, was also listed as a RW soldier. (There are also a Grifford and a Henry Houston listed as Sampson-Duplin Revolutionary War Soldiers in the NC Militia - LM)

The 1786 Duplin County tax list suggests that Samuel Houston, of Duplin County possibly had a wife, three sons, and six daughters in 1786.

The following data regarding Samuel Houston was found in DUPLIN COUNTY [NORTH CAROLINA] COURT OF PLEAS AND QUARTER SESSIONS, ABSTRACTS OF MINUTES, PART 1, 1784-1787, (c) 1978, and PART 2, 1788-1791, (c) 1979. Compiled by Leora H. McEachern; published by Duplin County Historical Society.

Thursday, 19 OCT 1784: "Court met a 9 o'clock according to adjournment. Present: Worshipful William Houston, Sr., Col. Thomas Routledge, Joseph Dickson, Col. James Kenan and Sam'l Houston, Esquires." The list of Justices was given for each day the quarterly court met, usually five days or less. Samuel Houston was named at about half of the court sessions.

On 19 JUL 1785, Elizabeth Thomson, widow of William Thomason, was appointed executrix of his estate, with William Hubbard and Samuel Houston as bondsmen.

Samuel Houston was the person who made the list of tithables in his district for most years beginning either in 1884 [year the census was ordered by the General Assembly] or in 1785. The Militia Captain for his district in 1786 and some succeeding years was [William] Hubbard.

In 1787, the Court Minute specified that the list of taxables was to be taken by "Samuel Houston, Esquire".

A 22 OCT 1788 deed from John Brommel to Samuel Houston was proved by Griffith Houston.

24 OCT 1788: Samuel Houston, William Hubbard, and others to be Jurymen at next session of the Superior Court in Wilmington, 5 DEC [1788].

22 APR 1789: reference to Samuel Houston, Surveyor. It is uncertain whether this was Samuel Houston, Sr. This could possibly have been a second Samuel Houston. Samuel Houston, Jr., was mentioned in a record dated 1782, but was not mentioned again until 1797...

20 JAN 1790: William Houston deeded six slaves to Samuel Houston (two deeds).

20 OCT 1790: Samuel Houston deeded 300 acres land to Nathan Waller.

20 APR 1797: Samuel Houston, Jr., appointed overseer of the River from Roger's Landing to Limestone Bridge and to have Samuel Houston's six slaves, named, and others. This Samuel Houston, Jr., was apparently a legal adult, or born 1776 or earlier. The Samuel who was owner of the slaves was apparently Samuel Houston, Sr., Esquire.

18 OCT 1797: Samuel Houston, Jr., George E. Houston and Frederick Smigh, Jr. were ordered by the Duplin County Court to be Searchers for Capt. Jacob William's district. This record would appear to apply to a young Samuel Houston.

1790 Census of Duplin County has a Samuel Houston, Esq listed 2 males over 16, 1 male under 16, 3 females in the household.

Children of Samuel Houston and Eliza are:
i. Boy Houston, born Bet. 1770 - 1786; died Unknown.
ii. Female Houston, born Bet. 1770 - 1786; died Unknown.
iii. Female2 Houston, born Bet. 1770 - 1786; died Unknown.
iv. Female3 Houston, born Bet. 1770 - 1786; died Unknown.
v. Female4 Houston, born Bet. 1770 - 1786; died Unknown.
vi. Female5 Houston, born Bet. 1770 - 1786; died Unknown.
vii. Female6 Houston, born Bet. 1770 - 1786; died Unknown.
36 viii. Samuel Houston, Jr., born Abt. 1774 in NC (Possibly Rowan County); died Aft. 1850 in FL (Possibly Madison County); married Nancy Thomas Bef. 1810.

Note 4./
Duplin County and Sampson Countys were formerly a part of New Hanover County, and about the year 1749 was divided from New Hanover County. In 1784, Sampson County was erected from the portion of Duplin

Note 5./

Samuel Houston Estate, Duplin Co Estate Records, North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh, NC
Minutes of the committee appointed "to divide the estate of Samuel Houston dec'd so as to ascertain each claimant's share of said Estate". "Total amount of this Negroe property, Do[llars] 6,840" Do Cts
Valued toMrs Houston Sundry Articles at 185 - 50
Miss Ann Houston ditto 82 - 0
Samuel Houston ditto 83 - 0
John Houston ditto 73 - 50
William Hall ditto 151 - 50
Felix Rhodes ditto 156 - 50
The above are the six claimants or heirs to the estate of Samuel Houston. They are by implication: his wife Elizabeth, his daughter Ann, his sons Samuel and John, and the husbands of his married daughters. William Hall is the husband of Mary Houston and John Felix Rhodes is the husband of Dorothy Houston.
Duplin Co, NC, Miscellaneous Records, NC Archives, Raleigh, NC: An Order for a Mill on Cypress Creek. Joseph Grimes. Report filed April Term 1787.
We the subscribers being appointed by an Order of Court to lay of (sic) an acre of land on both sides of Cypress Creek for a mill seat by order of said County [Duplin], we have accordingly & and on oath have valued one acre on the south side of Cypress Creek which we have valued to 1 .. 5 .. 0 [1 pound, 5 shillings, 0 pence] and the other on the north side to 15 [shillings] total
1 - 5 - 0
0 -15 - 0
2 - 0 - 0 [pounds]
given under our hands this 23rd of March 1787
[signed by] John Lanier
James Picket
Richd Williams
Sworn to before me Saml Houston, J P
In 1786, a tract of 100 acres lying on the west side of North East River on lands of Dr. William Houston, was incorporated as the town of Sarecto. Charles Ward, John Hill, James Outlaw, Samuel Houston, David Murdough, George Miller, and John Matchel were appointed commissioners “for the further designing, building, and improving the said town.” [North Carolina State Records, Vol XXIV, pp 846-847]
DAR Patriot Index, Centennial Edition, Washington DC, 1990: Samuel Houston born in Virginia 1735 died prior to 1822 in North Carolina married Elizabeth Hubbard. Patriotic Service in North Carolina.
Samuel Houston is also the subject of DAR Application for Membership, National Number 117860: Samuel Houston signed the Oath of Allegiance to the State of North Carolina in the year 1777:

By act of Assembly passed at Newberne, NC, 15 Nov 1777
I A B do solemnly and sincerely promise and swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to the State of NC to the power and authorities which are or may be established for the government thereof, not consistent with the constitution. And I do solemnly and sincerely declare that I do believe in my conscience that neither the King of Great Britain nor Parliament thereof, jointly with the said King, or separately, or any foreign prince, person, State, or potentate has or ought to have any right or title to the Sovereignty of the State or to any part of the government thereof. And I do renounce, refuse, and abjure any allegiance or obedience to them, or any of them. And I will do my utmost endeavor to disclo
se and make known to the legislature or executive powers of the said State all treasons and traitorous conspiracies and attempts whatsoever which I shall know to be made, or intended against the said State. And I do faithfully promise that I will endeavor to support, maintain, and defend the independence of the said State against him, the said King, and all other persons whatsoever. And all these things I do plainly and sincerely acknowledge and succor, according to these express words, without equivocation, mental evasion, or secret reservation whatsoever. And I make this acknowledgement, abjuration, renumeration, and promise heartily, willingly, and truly, so help me God!
signed:
Henry CannonSAMUEL HOUSTONWilliam Dickson
Michael KennanJames SampsonJ

RS married Elizabeth HUBBARD in 1756 in Duplin County, North Carolina. Elizabeth was born about 1738. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

WilliamEsq married Anna JONES about 1735 in North Carolina. Anna (daughter of Squire Griffith JONES and Margaret MCREE) was born in 1715 in Bladen County, North Carolina.; died about Apr 1805 in Duplin County, North Carolina. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sources:
1./ Text: MCEACHERN, Leora H., DUPLIN COUNTY OF PLEAS AND QUARTER SESSIONS, Abstract of Minutes, 1803-1805, Part 6., Duplin County Historical Society, Rose Hill, NC, 1984.
2./ Text: DUPREE, Garland Monna Crowe, PEOPLE OF PURPOSE, VOLUME TWO, Walker Printing, 1990.

Notes:

NOTE 1./ As a historical time frame point of reference; In 1585, Sir Francis Drake, the English explorer, rescued the 1st English attempt at colonizing the New World. This was at Roanoke Island North Carolina

NOTE 2./ e-mail: Houston family genealogy from Sherri Shrat <> 12-18-06

We – are currently researching and trying to find Dr William Houston, (our immigrant’s ancestry) – We know he came from Ireland and was born in County Antrim about 1710-1715. He came with his Uncle (by marriage) Henry McCulloh, a Merchant and Land Agent of King George. Bob Epperson, one of our cousins has been doing a great deal of research on the McCulloh connection and we have just recently connected with Fletcher Freeman a descendant of Henry McCulloh who has provided us with some interesting info. Fletcher is an attorney and former J.P. from Dallas who lives and practices in MN now.

I need to back up here and tell you we also have a blood connection to Henry McCulloh that we are currently working on securing record proof of. Edward Houston (Rev War Vet) (son of Dr. William Houston) was married to Mary Miller. His brother Henry married Mary’s sister Sarah. Mary & Sarah Miller were the daughters of George Miller and __________ McCulloch. Their mother according to several historians was the daughter of Henry McCulloh. There is some historical error/conflict as to which daughter.

NOTE 3./
Historical reference for the time frame cir the time the Houston family had emigrated to America: (from the Ancestry Weekly Digest, 03 July 2004)

COLONISTS OPPRESSED

King George III succeeded his grandfather, George II, to the English throne in 1760 at age 22. At the time of his ascent to the throne, the French and Indian War still raged over territories in North America. The Sugar Act was passed in 1764, which taxed the importation into the colonies of sugar, coffee, Madeira wine, silks and other cloths, indigo, and pimentos. It also imposed fines on shippers who sold such commodities to the colonies.

The Stamp Acts, passed by Parliament in 1765, placed a duty (tax) on "every skin or piece of vellum or parchment, or sheet or piece of paper on which shall be ingrossed, written, or printed," for the
purpose of "further defraying the expences [sic] of defending, protecting, and securing" the colonies. The expense was enormous. A Stamp Act Congress consisting of representatives from nine colonies
was convened on 19 October 1765 and produced a Declaration of Rights that complained about the Stamp Act and other injustices imposed upon the colonies by Parliament.

The Townsend Acts were passed in Parliament in 1767 for the purpose of raising revenue to support the British army in the colonies. Import duties were imposed on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. The
Townsend Acts also provide salaries for some colonial officials so that the provincial assemblies could not influence them by withholding wages. Other particularly offensive bills authorized blank search warrants called Writs of Assistance, created three additional vice-admiralty courts which operated without juries, established a Board of Customs Commissioners headquartered in Boston, and suspended the New York assembly for a failure to comply with the Quartering Act of 1765 which dealt with providing quarters for British soldiers.

Parliament also passed the New York Restraining Act, which suspended the provincial legislature until it provided "his Majesty's troops... with all such necessaries" as required by British law. Colonists
protested these taxes by petitioning Parliament and boycotting these and other British goods. On 5 March 1770, Parliament altered the measure, and the duties on all commodities except tea were repealed. The tea tax, however, was the most lucrative and was retained by Parliament to show the colonies that it still had the right to impose taxes on them.

On 5 March 1770, a young barber's apprentice, Edward Garrick, apparently yelled an insult at a British soldier, Hugh White. The soldier responded by hitting the boy with a rifle. The boy called out for help and a crowd of more than four hundred colonists responded in a short time and began to throw snowballs and ice at the soldiers. The soldiers, egged on by more insults, ultimately fired shots into
the crowd, killing five men and wounding others. Although the soldiers were arrested for murder in what became known as the "Boston Massacre," they were all acquitted at trial. Colonists became more
afraid and resentful of the standing British army presence and some areas began organizing their own provincial troops in secret to help protect the populace.

The British East India Company controlled all the tea shipments into the colonies and colonial boycotts of their tea placed the company in jeopardy of going out of business. The colonial merchants had been
smuggling tea in from Holland. However, the British government was determined that the British East India Company would survive. In May 1773, Parliament passed the Tea Act, which allowed the company to sell tea directly to the colonists. This action bypassed the colonial merchants and, in fact, made the price of tea cheaper than even the Dutch imports. The colonists demanded the removal of the tea tax and dockworkers refused to unload tea from the company's ships. The Governor of Massachusetts demanded that the dockworkers in Boston unload the tea. He also demanded that the people pay the duty on tea.

On the night of 16 December 1773, a group of men dressed as Mohawk Indians and calling themselves the Sons of Liberty, went to Boston harbor and boarded three ships. They incapacitated the crew and
guards and, over the next hours, conducted what has become known as the Boston Tea Party. They dumped forty-five tons of tea into Boston Harbor and escaped unchallenged. The Crown and Parliament were livid and retaliated with the Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts. These included the following:
- The Boston Port Bill, which closed the Port of Boston to all colonists until the damages from the Boston Tea Party were paid.
- The Massachusetts Government Act nullified the original charter of the colonies and placed the British governor in complete control of town meetings. This act took control from colonists and, in effect,
stifled freedom of speech.
- The Administration of Justice Act stated that British officials could not be tried for capital crimes in provincial courts. They would be extradited to England for trial.
- The Quebec Act extended the Canadian borders to take over lands that had formerly been parts of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia.

Outraged, colonial leaders organized and convened the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia on 5 September 1774. Fifty-five delegates from all the colonies except Georgia attended and met until
late October. They sought to petition Parliament to right the wrongs imposed against the colonies, rather than advocating independence.

THE SHOTS ARE FIRED

The colonists' covert military organization had not gone unnoticed. On 15 April 1775, General Thomas Gage, the British military governor in Massachusetts, was ordered to destroy the rebels' military stores
at Concord. On 19 April, he led a large number of troops across the Charles River. Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott rode through the countryside and alerted the so-called Minutemen of the
impending arrival of the British.

When Gage's troops arrived at Lexington Green, they were met by a group of armed colonial militia. A shot was fired and the British troops began firing on the small group of militia, killing eight and
wounding ten more. The militia retreated and the British continued on to Concord.

The Concord militia was more prepared--it flanked the retreating British troops, shooting at them from behind trees and bushes. The British had never experienced such guerilla tactics, and their morale
was severely damaged. The British casualties were very high. The Battles of Lexington and Concord mark the beginning of the full-fledged American Revolution.

NOTE 4./ Houston Family Scrapbook <>

Our "Houston Heritage" is rich and colorful. I have traced our "roots" in this line back to Dr. William Houston born about 1710, County Antrim, Ireland. He is our Houston line's original immigrant. The family name Houston, pronounced "House-ton" (the English pronunciation) was used by our line, rather than the Irish pronunciation of "Hugh's Town shortened to Hugh's-ton". Some of the descendants in our line have adopted or gone back to the original Irish pronunciation.

Dr. William Houston, although he has not been officially recognized as a Patriot by DAR, was in fact a Patriot. His son Edward Houston my family's direct line ancestor has been recognized as a Patriot. I have joined DAR through him. If any of you would like to join DAR through Edward, please let me know. I can send you information to assist you. I am going to have Dr. William Houston recognized as a Patriot and added as a supplement to my membership, which will open membership to all our Houston cousins who are interested and not direct descendants of Edward

Our Houston DNA tests show that we are of Viking descent. (A Viking in our genetic woodpile) Apparently Vikings controlled much of Ireland and Scotland from 800 - 1100 A.D. This was prior to the common use of surnames. This is why we have a Scot/Irish surname rather than a Scandinavian surname for our Houston line. I am continuing with other family members, researching to find documented proof of Dr. William Houston's ancestry.

William married Unknown MCCULLOH. Unknown (daughter of James MCCULLOH) was born about 1675 in Ireland; died in in Ireland. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Note: From: Richard & Carol Ann Lantz [mailto:[email protected]] I am interested in your research re. the Houston family line -- most especially your 4th generation (William Houston with spouse ?McCulloh). I am researching the McCulloh line and find many contradictions of dates and births. One of my references refers to a Helen Houston marrying a Henry McCulloh, but I don't see any reference to a Helen Houston in your Descendency list. But -- and the reason for my e-mail -- a Dr. William Houston came to North Carolina around 1735 and was the nephew of my ancestor, Henry Eustace McCulloh, Sr. He had sisters by both the first and second marriages of his father, James (McC) of Grogan. If one of these sisters is the ? McCulloh that is the mother of William Houston, Esq. (b 1715), then that would make this Dr. William Houston the nephew who was made agent of many of Henry McCulloh's lands in North and South Carolina prior to the Revolutionary War. I would like to know the source of your entry that ? McCulloh married a William Houston. Although I find in your research a reference to "Repository: Title: v8t1352.FTW", I am unfamiliar with the source reference and hope you can clarify for me the source of this marriage.

Squire married Margaret MCREE. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Sources: Text: DUPREE, Garland Monna Crowe, PEOPLE OF PURPOSE, VOLUME TWO, Walker Printing, 1990.